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Who was the first European to visit China?

The earliest Europeans to arrive in China must be over 3000 years old

The Kizil Terrace burials, dating from 1000 to 600 B.C., and the skulls of the group excavated in 1991 at Kizil, are ethnically distinctive, male, with large mammaries, pronounced brow bones and high nasal bones, which are distinctly Caucasian, the characteristics of the Europanic race. In December 2003, during the excavation of the Xiaohe Cemetery at the Xinjiang Archaeological Institute, a dried corpse, dubbed by the archaeologists as the "Xiaohe Princess", was unearthed and tested by a physical anthropologist. The body was tested by a physical anthropologist and identified as a typical Europaean species.


Paleoclimatologists have studied the fossils and found that around 3,000 years ago the earth experienced a mini ice age, when global temperatures dropped. As a result, the ancient Europeans, who had been living on what is now the Baltic coast, had to migrate to the milder south and east.

This migration split several ways, with Greek-speaking tribes crossing the Balkans into what is now the Greek peninsula, destroying the native Mycenaean civilisation there, and Assyrians moving towards the two river valleys sweeping away thousands of years of culture in Mesopotamia.

There was also an eastward migration of Indo-Europeans who split off near Central Asia, and they moved south into India, conquering the native peoples here and instituting a caste system. These invaders, were classified as the highest caste, while the aborigines of India were classified as the lowest caste. Eventually, ancient Indian civilisation, under this barbaric apartheid system, gradually declined.

Western historians tend to agree that this great migration of peoples had a far greater impact on human history than the one that took place at the fall of the Roman Empire, as the destruction of civilisation affected the whole of Eurasia.

There was another one that eventually reached China in the east, during the time of the Shang dynasty in China, and they were met with stubborn resistance. At first when the Shang army attacked them, they suffered great losses as they were not familiar with their equipment. The battle was always at a standstill, but the Shang dynasty was clearly at a disadvantage.

She led the warriors to the front line and then formed up. She not only planned the battle, but also led the Shang warriors to the front with a bronze battle axe weighing 18 kg.

Li Ji, known as the "father of Chinese archaeology", said of this war.

"In this era, the Chinese people fought a brave and victorious battle of self-defence on the north-western frontier, a battle that established 200 years of cultural life in the Yin-Shang era and built a new foundation for a great civilisation in East Asia and the Pacific region". So this was a decisive battle to defend Chinese civilisation from foreign destruction, no less important than the legendary battle between the Yellow Emperor and Chi You.

Who, then, was the chief who commanded this battle?

On 17 May 1976, the female archaeologist Zheng Zhenxiang presided over the excavation of the burial of the royal family of Yinxu in Anyang City, Henan Province, which is now the only fully preserved royal tomb of the Shang dynasty, and was extremely rich in burial objects, unearthing a total of 1,928 pieces of bronze, jade, precious stone and ivory artefacts of different textures, in addition to more than 100,000 pieces of oracle bone inscriptions, thus clarifying this historical fact that took place in history.

"In Xin Si Bu, three thousand Deng women and three thousand Deng brigands, calling for the destruction of Qiang." (oracle bone inscription)

According to the oracle bone inscriptions unearthed, the supreme commander of this war was a woman known as Woman Hao, who was identified as a queen.

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